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binary | hexadecimal |
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binary | hexadecimal |
00 00 00 —00 00 7F
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0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 —0000 0000 0000 0000 0111 1111
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1 (7) |
0xxx xxxx
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00 —7F
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2 (16) |
xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
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00 00 —FF FF
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00 00 80 —00 07 FF
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0000 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 —0000 0000 0000 0111 1111 1111
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2 (11) |
110x xxxx 10xx xxxx
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C2 80 —DF BF
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00 08 00 —00 FF FF
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0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 —0000 0000 1111 1111 1111 1111
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3 (16) |
1110 xxxx 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx
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E0 A0 80 —EF BF BF
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01 00 00 —10 FF FF
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0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 —0001 0000 1111 1111 1111 1111
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4 (21) |
1111 0xxx 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx
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F0 90 80 80 —F4 8F BF BF
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4 (20) |
1101 10xx xxxx xxxx 1101 11xx xxxx xxxx
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D8 00 DC 00 —DB FF DF FF
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Category Archives: howto
ESXi Raw Device Mapping RDM
To configure a local device as an RDM disk:
- Open an SSH session to the ESXi host.
- Run this command to list the disks that are attached to the ESXi host:
ls -l /vmfs/devices/disks
- From the list, identify the local device you want to configure as an RDM and copy the device name.
Note: The device name is likely be prefixed with t10. and look similar to:t10.F405E46494C4540046F455B64787D285941707D203F45765
- To configure the device as an RDM and output the RDM pointer file to your chosen destination, run this command:
vmkfstools -z /vmfs/devices/disks/diskname /vmfs/volumes/datastorename/vmfolder/vmname.vmdk
For example:
vmkfstools -z /vmfs/devices/disks/t10.F405E46494C4540046F455B64787D285941707D203F45765 /vmfs/volumes/Datastore2/localrdm1/localrdm1.vmdk
Test Jumbo Frames / MTU 9000
Linux:
ping -M do -s 8972 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
OSX/BSD:
ping -D -s 8184 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Windows:
ping -f -l 9000 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Example results on Linux
If you’ve forgotten to enable jumbo frames/9k MTU on your client device you’re sending the ping from:
PING xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx): 8184 data bytes ping: sendto: Message too long
If you have enabled jumbo frames on your client but not the destination (or a switch in between):
PING xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx): 8184 data bytes Request timeout for icmp_seq 0
If you’ve done everything righ:
PING xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx): 8184 data bytes 8192 bytes from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: icmp_seq=0 ttl=128 time=0.714 ms
How to insert hotfixes and drivers and then create a bootable Windows Setup DVD
- Create local folders
c:\temp\src
,c:\temp\mount
,c:\temp\winremount
,c:\temp\hotfix
, andc:\temp\drivers
. - Copy the setup sources from the DVD or a mounted ISO to
C:\temp\src
. - Copy the hotfix (
.msu
or.cab
files) toC:\temp\hotfix
. - Copy the driver files to
c:\temp\drivers
. - Run Command Prompt as an administrative.
dism /Mount-Wim /WimFile:c:\temp\src\sources\boot.wim /Index:1 /MountDir:c:\temp\mount dism /Image:C:\temp\mount /Add-Package /PackagePath:c:\temp\hotfix dism /Image:C:\temp\mount /Add-Driver /Driver:c:\temp\drivers /Recurse dism /Unmount-Wim /MountDir:C:\temp\mount /Commit dism /Mount-Wim /WimFile:c:\temp\src\sources\boot.wim /Index:2 /MountDir:c:\temp\mount dism /Image:C:\temp\mount /Add-Package /PackagePath:c:\temp\hotfix dism /Image:C:\temp\mount /Add-Driver /Driver:c:\temp\drivers /Recurse
- Manually sort the folder
C:\temp\mount\sources
by date, and then copy the updated files toc:\temp\src\sources
.
dism /Unmount-Wim /MountDir:C:\temp\mount /commit
- Obtain the index from the
Install.wim
information by running the following command, and then check every index to see how many indexes have to be updated.
dism /Get-WimInfo /WimFile:c:\temp\src\sources\install.wim
- Insert the hotfixes and drivers to
install.wim
andwinre.wim
by running the following commands:
dism /Mount-Wim /WimFile:c:\temp\src\sources\install.wim /Index:1 /MountDir:c:\temp\mount dism /Image:C:\temp\mount /Add-Package /PackagePath:c:\temp\hotfix dism /Image:C:\temp\mount /Add-Driver /Driver:c:\temp\drivers /Recurse dism /Mount-Wim /WimFile:c:\temp\mount\windows\system32\recovery\winre.wim /Index:1 /MountDir:c:\temp\winremount dism /Image:C:\temp\mount /Add-Package /PackagePath:c:\temp\hotfix dism /Image:C:\temp\mount /Add-Driver /Driver:c:\temp\drivers /Recurse dism /Unmount-Wim /MountDir:C:\temp\winremount /Commit dism /Unmount-Wim /MountDir:C:\temp\mount /Commit
Note If there are multiple indexes in step 8, update them one by one.
Create an ISO file by running the following oscdimg commands.
Install the latest Windows ADK for Windows 8.1 update.
- For Legacy BIOS Boot mode:
oscdimg -LTEST -m -u2 -bC:\temp\src\boot\etfsboot.com C:\temp\src C:\temp\Win7.ISO
- For Legacy and UEFI BIOS multiple Boot mode:
oscdimg -LTEST -m -u2 -bootdata:2#p0,e,bC:\temp\src\boot\etfsboot.com#pEF,e,bC:\temp\src\efi\microsoft\boot\efisys.bin C:\temp\src C:\temp\Win7.ISO
Static network config with dhcp fallback
/etc/network/interfaces
:
auto wan iface wan inet manual up ifup eth0=eth0-static post-up /etc/network/checkConnectivity.sh eth0 192.168.0.1 10.10.0.2 iface eth0 inet manual #static eth0 config iface eth0-static inet static address 192.168.0.97 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.0.1 dns-nameservers 192.168.0.1 10.10.0.2 dns-search example.net #dhcp eth0 config iface eth0-dhcp inet dhcp
/etc/network/checkConnectivity.sh
:
#!/bin/bash nif=${1} shift sleep 1 for i in ${@}; do ping -c 2 ${i} \ && exit 0 done # if nothing responds ifdown ${nif} ifup ${nif}=${nif}-dhcp
manually override:
ifup eth0=eth0-static
ifup eth0=eth0-dhcp